How internet was made?

  

How internet was made?

The internet is primarily a worldwide network of computer resources. The Internet may be viewed as a tangible collection of routers and circuits, while a set of routers and circuits can be seen as a collection of shared resources. Internet is a collection of interlinked computer network connected by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections etc.

As a results a computer can virtually connect to other computers to other computers in any network. These connection allow users to interchange messages to communicate in real time (getting instant
messages and responses), to exchange data and programs, and to have access to an infinite amount of knowledge.

Application of Internet.

Some of the basic application to Internet users are:

• Email:- Email is a speedy, uncomplicated, and budget-friendly way to communicate with other internet users anywhere in the world.
  
  
• Telnet:- It is connect to a distant computer as if it the same network.
  
  
• FTP:- Enables a user to move almost any file type that can be stored on a computer from one Internet-connected computer to another.
  
  
• World Wide Web (WWW): A hypertext interface to Internet data resources.

WWW (World Wide Web)

WWW stands for World Wide Web. It refers to all the public websites or pages that users can access on their local computer and other devices though the internet. Hyperlinks, which users may click on to get information, connect these pages and files. The format of this material might vary, including text, pictures, audio, and video.

The World Wide Web, in its simplest form, is a method of transferring data between computers online, connecting them to create a huge repository of interactive multimedia resources.

Web Address.

• The web address was developed by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and the URL working group of IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) in the year 1994. The term refers to the site of a specific website in the online universe. The address may be anything, such as the location of a specific file, directory, image, video, etc.
  
  
• Using the web address, which is unique to each page on the internet, users can access them. It is the same as any location on Earth, including your house or school.

For example:

https://www.learnerhub.space

The Web Address is  www.learnerhub.space, and the domain name, here.

IP Address.

• An Internet protocol address (IP Address) is a logical numeric address that is assigned to every single computer, printer, switch, router or any other devices that is part of a TCP/IP-based network.
  
  
• The fundamental element upon which the network infrastructure is based is the IP address, without which there would be no network. Every node in the network is uniquely identified by its IP address, which is a logical address.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

• A client that wants to access the document in an internet needs an address and to facilitate the access of document, the HTTP uses the concept of Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
  
  
• The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the most common method for identifying any sort of material on the internet.

HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)

• HTTP Stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. It is a method for retrieving data from the World Wide Web (WWW).
  
  
• Data may be sent using the HTTP protocol in the form of plaintext, hypertext, audio, video, etc. Due to its effectiveness in enabling us to utilize a hypertext environment with quick transitions from one page to another, this protocol is referred to as hyper text transfer protocol. document to another document. 
  
  
• Like FTP, HTTP also sends the files from one host to another. But, HTTP is similar than FTP as HTTP uses only one connection, that is no control connection to transfer the files. In a MIME-like format, the data is transmitted over HTTP.

ISP and role of ISP.

ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. It is a business or organization that arranges the internet connection services and other associated services. The majority of phone companies are Internet Service Providers. They provide services like domain name registration, hosting, and internet access.

The ISP has a network both domestically and internationally, allowing the user of the connection it provides to connect to the worldwide Internet network. The network transmission medium here can be wired (modem, leased line, and broadband), radio, etc. and is capable of streaming data.

Role of ISP:

1. As a means of connecting to the internet.
   
   
2. Connect customers to the nearest Internet gateway.
   
   
3. Provides a modem for dial-up.
   
   
4. Establishing a connection between a user of the World Wide Web (WWW) and an information service
   
   
5. Gives a user access to electronic mail (e-mail) services
   
   
6. Allows a user voice conversation via the internet.
   
   
7. Gave place to the homepage.
   
   
8. By installing antivirus software for his clients, the ISP offers defense against the virus's transmission.
   
   

Internet Protocol.

The Internet protocol (IP) is a protocol, or set of regulations, that dictates how data packets are routed and addressed in order to make their transmission across networks and delivery easier. to the intended location. Data moving across the internet is broken up into smaller chunks known as packets. Every packet has IP information, which aids routers in directing it to the correct location.

Every devices or domain that connected to the internet is assigned an IP address, and as packets are directed to the IP address attached to them, data arrives where it is needed. The most common transport protocol are TCP and UDP.

Web browser.

A web browser, or browser for short, is a computer software application that enable a person to locate, retrieve and display content such as webpages, images, video, as well as other files on the World Wide Web (WWW)

Examples: Internet Explore, Google Chrome, Opera, Mozilla Firefox etc.

Popular Web Browsers:

(1) Internet Explore. 

Internet Explore (formerly Microsoft Internet Explore and Windows Internet Explorer commonly abbreviated IE or MSIE) is a series of graphical web browser developed by Microsoft. Microsoft Corp.'s online browser software, which comes preinstalled on machines running Windows OS.

(2) Google Chrome.

Google created the cross-platform web browser Google Chrome. It was first released in 2008 for Microsoft Windows, and was later ported to Linux, macOS, iOS, and Android. The browser is also the main component of Chrome OS, where it serves as the platform for web apps.

(3) Microsoft Edge.

All new Windows machines come with Microsoft Edge, an internet browser created by Microsoft. It was first released for Windows 10 and Xbox Once in 2015, then for Android and iOS in 2017, and for macOS in 2019. 

(4) Opera.

Opera Software created Opera, a free web browser for the Microsoft Windows, Android, iOS, macOS, and Linux operating systems. Chromium Blink is the layout engine for opera. Because of its unique user interface and other features, it stands out from the crowd.

(5) Mozilla Firefox.

Mozilla Firefox, sometimes known as Firefox, is a free and open-source web browser that was developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. Firefox uses the Gecko layout engine to render web pages, which implements current and anticipated web standard.

Search Engines.

An internet-based software application called a search engine looks for specific keywords that the user inputs into documents and files and then returns the results of any files that include those keywords.

The popular search engines are Google, Bing, Yahoo, Ask, Excite, DuckDuckGo etc.